SNP Shot: Genomic Insights

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a sideways curvature of the spine that develops in late childhood or adolescence. The spine, instead of being straight, curves to the side, often forming an "S" or "C" shape. The individual bones of the spine also rotate slightly.

AIS typically emerges during the rapid growth period of adolescence. While some spinal curves remain stable, others progress, becoming more pronounced over time. Interestingly, significant and worsening curves are more common in girls than in boys, though minor curves occur equally in both sexes.

Generally, mild scoliosis doesn't cause pain, movement issues, or breathing difficulties. It's often detected during routine physicals or scoliosis screenings. Common indicators include uneven shoulders, hips, or waist, or the appearance of one leg being longer than the other. A small portion of affected children develop more significant spinal curvatures.

Scoliosis can be associated with other medical conditions, including certain genetic syndromes. However, AIS usually presents as an isolated condition, without affecting other body systems.

Inheritance:

AIS can occur sporadically, meaning it affects individuals with no family history of the condition. It can also appear in clusters within families. The way AIS is inherited is not fully understood, likely due to the involvement of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Nonetheless, having a close relative (like a parent or sibling) with AIS increases a child's likelihood of developing it.