SNP Shot: Genomic Insights

Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of cancer originating from squamous cells. These cells are located in the skin's outer layer and in mucous membranes, which are moist tissues lining areas like the airways and intestines. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) specifically develops in the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and throat.

HNSCC is categorized based on where it appears: in the mouth (oral cavity), the mid-throat region near the mouth (oropharynx), the area behind the nose (nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses), the upper throat close to the nasal cavity (nasopharynx), the voice box (larynx), or the lower throat near the larynx (hypopharynx). Depending on the location, it can lead to symptoms such as unusual patches or open sores (ulcers) in the mouth and throat, unusual bleeding or pain in the mouth, persistent sinus congestion, sore throat, earache, painful or difficult swallowing, a hoarse voice, breathing difficulties, or swollen lymph nodes.

HNSCC can spread (metastasize) to other areas of the body, like the lymph nodes or lungs. Cancer that has spread carries a poorer outlook and can be deadly. Approximately half of those diagnosed with HNSCC survive for more than five years.

Inheritance:

HNSCC is typically not passed down through families. It usually results from mutations occurring in a person's body cells during their life, known as somatic mutations. In rare instances, HNSCC is observed in multiple family members. These families often have inherited conditions that elevate the risk of various cancers.