SNP Shot: Genomic Insights

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep. These pauses, called apneas, occur when the upper airway in the throat partially or completely collapses. Complete airway blockage results in apnea, while partial blockage, though allowing some airflow, leads to reduced oxygen intake, known as hypopnea.

OSA is often marked by restless sleep, frequent awakenings, and loud snoring. These breathing interruptions cause periods of low blood oxygen (hypoxemia) and elevated carbon dioxide (hypercapnia). Disrupted and inadequate sleep can result in excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, concentration and memory problems, headaches, depression, and sexual problems. The resulting daytime sleepiness significantly increases the risk of car accidents. Furthermore, OSA is linked to a greater chance of developing insulin resistance, making it difficult to control blood sugar levels; high blood pressure (hypertension); heart problems; and stroke.

Inheritance:

The way OSA is inherited is not well understood. However, individuals with a close family member (parent, sibling, or child) who has OSA have approximately a 50% higher risk of developing the condition compared to people without such a family history.