SNP Shot: Genomic Insights

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term illness characterized by ongoing inflammation, mainly in the joints. Common indicators include joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. While small joints in the hands and feet are frequently affected initially, larger joints like the shoulders, hips, and knees can become involved as the disease progresses. A hallmark of RA is its symmetrical nature; for instance, if one hand is affected, the other is likely to be as well. Individuals with RA often experience increased joint pain and stiffness upon waking or after periods of inactivity.

Beyond the joints, RA can also inflame other body parts, such as the eyes, lungs, and blood vessels. Additional symptoms can include fatigue, a mild fever, unintentional weight loss, and anemia (a deficiency of red blood cells). Some individuals with RA develop rheumatoid nodules, which are non-cancerous, solid lumps that form under the skin or in other areas of the body.

RA symptoms typically manifest in middle to late adulthood. Many individuals experience periods of symptom exacerbation (flares) followed by periods of reduced or absent symptoms (remissions) throughout their lives. In more severe cases, the disease can cause persistent health problems over many years. This chronic inflammation can cause significant joint damage, restricting movement and potentially leading to substantial disability.

Inheritance:

The way RA is inherited is complex, as it seems to involve both genetic and environmental influences. However, having a close family member with RA may increase a person's susceptibility to developing the condition.